Izakhiwo zemishini yezinto zensimbi

Izakhiwo zemishini yensimbi zibhekisela ezicini zensimbi ngaphansi kwamandla angaphandle, ikakhulukazi kufaka phakathi izinkomba ezilandelayo.

① Amandla Aphezuluσb: indawo yokucindezeleka enkulu ku-tensile stress-strain curve, iyunithi

Ingabe i-MPa.

② Umkhawulo Wesivunoσs: lapho ukucindezelwa okuqinile kwempahla kudlula uhla lokunwebeka kanye nokuguqulwa kwepulasitiki kuqala ukwenzeka Ingcindezi.Ayikho i-plateau yesivuno esobala ku-tensile stress-strain curve yezinye izinto, okungukuthi, isivuno sayo asikwazi ukucaciswa ngokucacile Amaphuzu.Kulokhu, kucaciswa kwezobunjiniyela ukuthi inani lengcindezi lika-0.2% lokuguquguquka okuyinsalela kwesampula lithathwa njengomkhawulo wesivuno onemibandela.σ0.2 kuvezwe nge-MPa.

③ Umkhawulo Wokubekezela : ukuphuka kwesampula ngemva kwesikhathi esithile ezingeni lokushisa elinikeziwe

Ingcindezi emaphakathi ku-crack.Kubunjiniyela, kuvame ukuvezwa ngenani elimaphakathi lokucindezelwa kwesampula uma linqamuka ku-10⁵h ezingeni lokushisa lokuklama Ibhithi yi-MPa.

④ Umkhawulo We-Creep: yenza isampula ikhiqize inani elithile Lenani lokucindezeleka lokukhasa.Ithebula lenani lokucindezeleka lensimbi ezingeni lokushisa lokuklama elingu-10⁵h kanye nezinga elinyakazayo lika-1% livamise ukusetshenziswa kubunjiniyela Ku-MPa.

⑤ Iphesenti Ubudeδ8: ibonisa ukuthi uma isampula ilimele ekuhlolweni okuqinile Iphesenti lobude bepulasitiki.Kuyinkomba yokukala ipulasitiki yensimbi.Ubude bangempela besampula ngokuvamile bukhethwa njengobude obuqondile besampula

Izikhathi ezi-5 noma izikhathi eziyi-10 ubukhulu, ngakho isampula ine δ₅futhi δ₁₀, ngo%.

⑥ Ukuncishiswa Kwendawoψ: kukhombisa ukuthi uma isampula ilimele ekuhlolweni kwe-tensile

Izinga lokuguqulwa kwepulasitiki eluhlaza.Kungenye inkomba yokukala ipulasitiki yezinto, evezwe nge%.

⑦ Inani Lomthelela A_k: Kuyisilinganiso sokuqina kwensimbi futhi sinquma ukuthi insimbi inesibonisi sokuhluleka ukuphuka, iyunithi: J.

⑧ Ukuqina: kukhombisa ukumelana kwento ekuwohlokeni kwepulasitiki yendawo kanye nokumelana nokugqokwa kwezinto.Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zamathebula okuqina Akhombisa izindlela, okungukuthi i-Brinell hardness HB, i-Rockwell hardness HR kanye ne-Vickers I-Diamond Hardness HV inezindlela zokulinganisa ezihlukene kanye nezigaba zohlelo.Ngokusho kokuhlangenwe nakho Kunobuhlobo obuseduze phakathi kokuqina namandla aqinile ngale ndlela: insimbi egoqiwe futhi ijwayelekile ephansi ye-carbon steelσ_b=0.36HB;Insimbi ye-carbon Steel egoqiwe futhi eyejwayelekile noma ephansi ye-alloyσ_b=0.35HB;Ukuqina kungu-250 ~ 400HB, kanye nensimbi ye-alloy ephethwe ngokushisaσ_b=0.33HB.

Ngenxa yobulula bokulinganisa, ubulukhuni bendawo ethinteke ukushisa bubuye busetshenziswe ngokujwayelekile ukucacisa izinga lokuqina kwamalunga ashiselwe.

–本文内容摘抄自《压力管道设计及工程实例》